Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum ?-lactamases in a hospital in Mayabeque, 2022-2023

Luis M. Abreu-Pereira, Faculty of Medical Sciences Mayabeque, Mayabeque. Cuba
Ilian E. Tarife-Romero, Faculty of Medical Sciences Mayabeque, Mayabeque. Cuba
Adriel Herrero-Díaz, Faculty of Medical Sciences Sagua la Grande, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, Villa Clara. Cuba
Maricela Iglesia-Camejo, Faculty of Medical Sciences Mayabeque, Mayabeque. Cuba
Leyanis González-Baigorría, Faculty of Medical Sciences Mayabeque, Mayabeque. Cuba

Introduction: The indiscriminate use of antibiotics brings with it an increase in antimicrobial resistance, especially in Gram-negative microorganisms and fundamentally in Escherichia coli, which uses the production of β-lactamases as the main mechanism of multidrug resistance. Objective: The objective of the study is to characterize the behavior of E. coli strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases processed in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Aleida Fernández Chardiet Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Aleida Fernández Chardiet Hospital between January 2022 and June 2023. The population was made up of 30 isolates of E. coli that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases. The variables were antimicrobial resistance profile, number of samples processed, service of origin of the samples, and type of samples processed. A database was generated in Microsoft Excel 2016 for data analysis using descriptive statistics. Results: Only 30 samples (9.3%) were E. coli producers of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, 70% (21 strains) coming from outpatients, and 80% from urine samples. Amikacin was effective in 23 isolates, unlike cefepime, which showed resistance in 25. Conclusion: The frequency of isolation of E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases was low, and the highest source of positivity was obtained in urine samples and from outpatients. The most effective antimicrobials turned out to be amikacin and cefoxitin.

Keywords: ?-lactamases. Drug resistance. Microbial. Enterobacteria. Escherichia coli.